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结合国外实证研究和对儿童认知与情绪发展水平考虑,把0~5岁儿童嫉妒发展划分为以下三个阶段:6~12个月,初级形式嫉妒;1~3岁,无区分嫉妒;3~5岁(尤其是3.5岁后),有区分嫉妒。6~12个月儿童因认知水平有限,尚不能理解母亲关注另一儿童对自己与母亲关系所造成的影响,但本能地表现出抗议和接近母亲的行为。1~3岁儿童随认知能力发展,已经可以理解母亲与另一儿童关系对自己与母亲之间亲密关系会造成干扰,因此对夺取母亲注意的“霸占者”表现出强烈嫉妒。但这种嫉妒尚未分化,对同龄儿童和比自己小的儿童会表现出同等程度的嫉妒反应。对于3~5岁儿童来说,嫉妒反应已经分化,对同龄儿童嫉妒程度远超过比自己小的儿童,且与1~3岁儿童相比,嫉妒反应更加温和。
Combined with the overseas empirical research and the cognition and emotion development of children, the development of envy of 0 ~ 5-year-old children is divided into three stages: 6 ~ 12 months, envy of primary forms; 1 ~ 3 years old, no distinction between jealousy; 3 ~ 5 years old (especially after 3.5 years old), there is distinction jealousy. Children 6 to 12 months old have limited understanding of the effects of mothers’ attention to another child’s relationship with their mother, yet instinctively demonstrate protest and access to mothers. Children 1-3 years of age develop cognitive skills and understand that the relationship between the mother and another child can interfere with the intimacy between the mother and her mother and thus show a strong jealousy of the “occupier” who takes the mother’s attention. However, this jealousy has not yet been divided and shows an equally jealous response to children of the same age and children younger than themselves. For 3 to 5 year olds, the jealousy response has diverged, jealous of children of the same age far more than their own children, and jealousy responses are milder than those of 1-3 year olds.