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生物碱是由生物体内提取或由人工合成的一种有机碱。绝大部分的生物碱都含有 C,H,N,O 四种元素,少数的生物碱(如菸碱)则不合 O。除生物碱外,许多人工合成的有机碱(如阿的平,普鲁卡因)和生物碱具有相似的化学性质,因此就放在一起来讨论。一般说来这些有机碱都不溶於水或少溶於水,而易溶於有机溶媒中。氮原子在这类物质的分子中形成了胺基的结构:
Alkaloids are organic bases that are extracted from organisms or synthesized artificially. Most of the alkaloids contain four elements of C, H, N, and O, and a few alkaloids (such as nicotine) do not contain O. In addition to alkaloids, many synthetic organic bases (eg, alpin, procaine) and alkaloids have similar chemical properties and are therefore discussed together. In general, these organic bases are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water and readily soluble in organic solvents. Nitrogen atoms form an amine-based structure in the molecules of these substances: