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基于“国民皆保险”的国策,日本职域医疗保险和地域医疗保险覆盖了全体国民乃至合法的外国滞留者,这其中并不包括运用自有资产和能力仍不能维持基本生活及自身健康的家庭和个人,即收入低于政府每年公布的最低生活费用标准的家庭。日本宪法规定,所有日本国民都有权利拥有健康、文明的最低限度的生活。为此,日本设立了针对这类家庭和个人的医疗救助体系。医疗救助体系规定上述家庭和个人根据其差额向政府提出申请,经过“自立调查”后,可以得到政府指定医疗机构的医疗救治及相关费用补助。
Based on the national policy of “nationals are all insured,” Japan’s regional medical insurance and regional medical insurance cover all nationals and even legal foreign detainees, which does not include the use of their own assets and capabilities still can not maintain their basic living and their own health Of households and individuals, households whose income is below the minimum living standard announced by the government each year. The Japanese Constitution stipulates that all Japanese citizens have the right to a healthy and civilized minimum life. To this end, Japan has set up a medical aid system for such families and individuals. The medical aid system stipulates that the above-mentioned families and individuals apply to the government according to their balances. After “independent investigation”, they can receive medical treatment and related subsidies from the government-designated medical institutions.