目的:制备脱细胞神经基质,通过测定细胞核和DNA残留评价脱细胞程度,并对所制备的脱细胞神经基质进行成分分析,为开发新型神经修复生物材料提供研究基础。方法:1依次采用0.5%胰蛋白酶-3%曲拉通X-100-0.1%SDS-PBS溶液-水振荡漂洗的方法对异种动物的外周神经进行脱细胞处理。2冰冻切片并经苏木素-伊红染色观察细胞核残留。3微量样品DNA提取试剂盒提取脱细胞神经基质的DNA,超微量蛋白核酸分析仪检测其残留DNA含量。4免疫组织化学法分析脱细胞神经基质成分。结果:经脱细胞处理制备的神经基质呈乳白色;脱细胞神经基质经冰冻切片和苏木素-伊红染色后观察,未见有完整细胞核残留;脱细胞神经基质的DNA残留为6.6ng/mg;经免疫组织化学染色分析,脱细胞神经基质的主要成分为Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和层粘连蛋白。结论:采用本法制备的脱细胞神经基质,有效去除了神经组织中的细胞成分,保留了神经组织细胞外基质的主要成分,可以作为神经修复的新型生物材料。 OBJECTIVE: To prepare decellularized nerve matrix, assess the degree of decellularization by measuring the nucleus and DNA residues, and analyze the composition of the decellularized neural matrix so as to provide the basis for the development of new nerve repair biomaterials. Methods: 1 The peripheral nerve of xenotransplantation was decellularized by 0.5% trypsin-3% Triton X-100-0.1% SDS-PBS solution-water oscillatory rinse. 2 frozen sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe the cell nucleus. 3 micro DNA extraction kit extracted acellular nerve cell matrix DNA, ultra-trace protein nucleic acid analyzer to detect the residual DNA content. 4 immunohistochemical analysis of acellular nerve matrix components. Results: The neural matrix prepared by decellularization was milky white. The acellular nerve matrix was observed by frozen sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. No intact nucleus was observed. The DNA residue of decellularized nerve matrix was 6.6 ng / mg. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the main components of acellular nerve matrix were type I collagen, type III collagen and laminin. Conclusion: The acellular neural matrix prepared by this method can effectively remove the cellular components in nerve tissue and retain the main components of extracellular matrix of nerve tissue, which can be used as a new biomaterial for nerve repair.