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中国大陆侵权责任法将保护客体确定为民事权益,这一开放式的立法模式彰显了立法对权利保护的热情,也给司法适用带来了极大的考验。法院一方面要响应扩大侵权责任法保护范围的要求;另一方面又要警惕侵权责任的任意扩张可能导致的诉讼爆炸式增长。破解这一两难境地的可行路径是,既要有法国民法悲天悯人的情怀,又要走出理论争议的误区,参考台湾地区“民法”在借鉴与发展德国民法中的得失,基于德国民法的形式理性,在法政策层面改造侵权责任构成的要件,对于权利和权益形态探寻不同的侵权损害赔偿请求权基础。唯有如此,方能避免侵权责任法保护范围无限扩大导致的严重负面后果,保证侵权责任法机能的正常发挥。
China’s Tort Liability Law defines the object of protection as civil rights and interests. This open legislative model demonstrates the enthusiasm of the legislature on the protection of rights and brings about tremendous challenges to the judicial application. On the one hand, the court should respond to the requirement of expanding the scope of protection of the law of tort liability; on the other hand, it should also beware of the explosive growth of litigation that may be caused by the arbitrary expansion of the tort liability. The feasible route to solve this dilemma is not only because of the sympathetic feeling of French civil law, but also of the misunderstanding of theoretical controversy. Referring to the pros and cons of civil law in Taiwan for reference and development of German civil law, based on the form of German civil law, Rationality and reform the essentials constituted by tort liability at the level of law and policy, and explore different basis of claim of tort damages for the forms of rights and interests. Only in this way can serious negative consequences caused by the unlimited expansion of the scope of protection of tort liability be avoided and the normal functioning of tort liability law can be guaranteed.