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目的分析以机代牛和封洲禁牧措施在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区的防治效果。方法选择实施以机代牛措施为主的湖北省江陵县和公安县、实施封洲禁牧措施为主的湖南省沅江市和华容县,采用回顾性调查和现场调查方法,对2007-2013年人群、耕牛、野粪和钉螺感染血吸虫情况进行分析,比较措施实施前后的防治效果。结果湖北省6个行政村实施以机代牛为主措施,湖南省7个行政村实施封洲禁牧为主措施。2007-2013年调查村人群血吸虫感染率呈整体下降趋势,从3.95%下降至0.69%,下降了82.53%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=128.376,P<0.05);以机代牛和封洲禁牧2组村人群血吸虫感染率下降幅度分别为83.08%和81.62%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.132,P>0.05)。耕牛血吸虫感染率从3.66%降至0.65%,下降了82.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.692,P<0.05)。2013年13个村有螺环境野粪调查157.44 hm2,检获野粪625份,均为牛粪,平均密度为3.97份/hm2,血吸虫卵阳性7份,阳性率为1.12%。2007年后,13个村钉螺血吸虫感染率和感染性钉螺密度均逐步下降,2011-2013年均未查到感染性钉螺。结论湖沼型血吸虫病流行区实施以机代牛和封洲禁牧措施控制血吸虫病效果明显。
Objective To analyze the prevention and cure of schistosomiasis endemic to lakes and marshes with the measures of banning animal husbandry on behalf of cattle and sealing in the province. Methods The implementation of measures to implement cattle on behalf of the main county of Jiangxi Province and Gong’an County, the implementation of ban ban animal husbandry measures mainly in Hunan Province, Yuanjiang City and Huarong County, a retrospective survey and on-site survey methods for 2007-2013 Population, cattle, wild manure and snails infected with schistosomiasis situation analysis, comparison of measures before and after the implementation of the control effect. Results Six administrative villages in Hubei Province implemented the measures of machine-based cow-based measures and the implementation of ban-grazing ban on the closure of seven administrative villages in Hunan Province. The infection rates of schistosomiasis in the surveyed villages in 2007-2013 showed an overall decreasing trend from 3.95% to 0.69%, down by 82.53% (χ2 = 128.376, P <0.05) The rates of infection of Schistosoma japonicum in the two groups were 83.08% and 81.62% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.132, P> 0.05). Cattle schistosome infection rate decreased from 3.66% to 0.65%, down 82.24%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.692, P <0.05). In 2013, a total of 157.44 hm2 of wild snails were surveyed in 13 villages, and 625 wild stool samples were collected, all of which were cow dung with an average density of 3.97 copies / hm2 and seven positive for schistosome eggs with a positive rate of 1.12%. After 2007, the infection rates of snail schistosomes and the density of infected snails in 13 villages decreased gradually. No infectious snails were detected in 2011-2013. Conclusion The implementation of schistosomiasis control in schistosomiasis larvae is effective in controlling schistosomiasis by means of banning animal husbandry on the part of lakes and shrubs.