在中国近代史上,“实业救国”、“教育救国”和“科学救国”等思想曾经多次出现,形成重要的社会思潮。我们过去对这些思潮都是否定的,认为它们都是资产阶级改良主义的东西,是阻碍甚至抵制革命的。这种看法虽然不无道理,但仔细想想,并不全面,或者说有很大的片面性。我们是历史唯物论者,必须历史地看问题,从实际出发,实事求是,进行具体的研究和分析,切忌主观性、片面性和表面性。19世纪中叶以来,在中国的社会经济关系中仍然是自给自足的封建经济关系(主要 In the modern history of China, the ideas of “saving the country by industry”, “saving the nation by education” and “saving the nation by science” have appeared many times and have formed an important social trend of thought. In the past, we have all rejected these thoughts and thought that they are all bourgeois reformist things, that they impede or even resist revolution. Although this view is not unreasonable, it is not comprehensive or very unilateral to think carefully. As historical materialists, we must look at history from a historical perspective. We should proceed from reality, seek truth from facts, conduct specific research and analysis, and avoid subjectivity, one-sidedness and superficiality. Since the middle of the 19th century, China’s social and economic relations have remained self-sufficient feudal economic relations (mainly