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甲醛是一种无色有刺激性的气体,分子式为HCHO,易溶于水,其40％水溶液称作福尔马林。由于甲醛可与蛋白质分子中的氨基进行交叉键合连接而又不改变其基本结构,阻止了组织自体溶解。所以10％福尔马林被广泛用于组织固定。甲醛为原浆毒,可经呼吸道、皮肤侵入。对皮肤和粘膜有强烈的刺激作用。溶液可引起皮肤过敏。甲醛吸收入人体后,与不同的功能基因结合,并能很快在各种组织中,特别是肝和红细胞中氧化成甲酸。相当数量的甲酸盐从尿排出,部分转化成不稳定的甲基。
Formaldehyde is a colorless and irritating gas, the formula HCHO, soluble in water, the 40% aqueous solution is called formalin. Formaldehyde can cross-link with amino groups in protein molecules without changing its basic structure, preventing autolysis of the tissue. So 10% formalin is widely used for tissue fixation. Formaldehyde formaldehyde plasma can be through the respiratory tract, skin invasion. On the skin and mucous membranes have a strong stimulating effect. Solution can cause skin irritation. Formaldehyde is absorbed into the human body and binds to various functional genes and is rapidly oxidized to formic acid in various tissues, especially the liver and red blood cells. A significant amount of formate is excreted from the urine and partially converted to labile methyl groups.