目的:观察青蒿琥酯联合伯氨喹治疗恶性疟疾的临床疗效。方法:恶性疟疾120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予青蒿琥酯静脉注射,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加服伯氨喹片。疗程均为7天。比较两组临床疗效、退热时间及疟原虫清除时间。结果:观察组痊愈率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);随访28天,观察组无复燃病例,对照组复燃率15.0%,两组比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。观察组退热时间及疟原虫清除时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:青蒿琥酯联合伯氨喹治疗恶性疟疾治愈率高、复燃率低,效果优于单用青蒿琥酯。 Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of artesunate combined with primaquine in the treatment of falciparum malaria. Methods: 120 cases of malignant malaria were randomly divided into control group and observation group of 60 cases. The control group was given Artesunate intravenously. The observation group was treated with primaquine tablets on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment is 7 days. The clinical curative effect, antipyretic time and the time of malaria parasite clearance were compared between the two groups. Results: The cure rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). After 28 days of follow-up, there was no recurrence in the observation group and 15.0% in the control group. The difference was significant (P <0.01). The antipyretic time and the time of the parasite clearance in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Artesunate combined with primaquine has a high cure rate and a low rate of relapse, which is superior to artesunate alone.