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目的为进一步加强乙肝防控工作,详细掌握全省现阶段人群乙肝流行状况,评价乙肝疫苗引入以来乙肝防控效果。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法从全省设立的6个乙肝监测点按照城市和农村分层选取1 587名年龄1-29岁的人群样本,采集静脉血,并采用国产酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)试剂进行检测。结果本次调查1 587名对象,男女比例1∶1.01。人群HBV感染率10.78%。15岁以下年龄组HBsAg均为阴性,HBsAb阳性率1岁组最高,9-10岁组最低,25岁以上人群HBV感染率及HBsAg、HBcAb阳性率均较高。城市人群HBcAb阳性率、HBV感染率高于农村(P<0.001);HBsAg阳性率、HBcAb阳性率和HBV感染率在医护人群、服务人群和其他人群中的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);HBsAg阳性率、HBsAb阳性率、HBcAb阳性率和HBV感染率与免疫史之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。本次调查结果与2006年相比,人群乙肝感染率有较大幅度下降。结论安徽省将乙肝疫苗纳入免疫规划以来,不断提高适龄人群乙肝疫苗接种率和及时率,目标人群乙肝防控工作取得了显著的成绩。
Objective To further strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis B, a detailed grasp of the epidemic of hepatitis B in the population at this stage in the province to evaluate the prevention and control effect of hepatitis B since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 587 samples of aged 1-29 years old from 6 hepatitis B monitoring sites set up in the province according to urban and rural strata. Venous blood was collected and analyzed by domestic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, ELISA) reagent for detection. Results A total of 1 587 subjects were surveyed. The male-female ratio was 1: 1.01. HBV infection rate of 10.78% of the population. The HBsAg positive rate of HBsAb was highest in the group of 1 year old and lowest in the group of 9-10 years old. The HBV infection rate and the positive rate of HBsAg and HBcAb were higher in people over 25 years old. The positive rates of HBcAb and HBV in urban population were higher than those in rural areas (P <0.001). The differences of HBsAg positive rate, HBcAb positive rate and HBV infection rate among the health care population, service population and other groups were statistically significant (P <0.001) The differences of HBsAg positive rate, HBsAb positive rate, HBcAb positive rate, HBV infection rate and immunization history were statistically significant (P <0.001). The survey results compared with 2006, the population has a more substantial decline in hepatitis B infection rates. Conclusion Since hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program in Anhui Province, hepatitis B vaccination rate and timely rate were continuously raised in the middle-aged population. The prevention and control of hepatitis B in the target population achieved remarkable results.