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目的掌握介水传染病流行特征、流行因素和流行趋势,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法对湖北省秦巴山区竹山县近10年介水传染病疫情进行统计,并检索国内秦巴山区介水传染病相关文献,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2014年竹山县共报告介水传染病6种,共计3 895例,年均报告发病率83.91/10万,无死亡病例报告。报告发病率以2005年最低(3.95/10万),2013年最高(237.09/10万)。报告病例以其他感染性腹泻最多,占报告总数的79.41%(3 093/3 895)。疫情分布17个乡镇,年均发病率以城关(179.61/10万)、潘口(139.00/10万)为高。四季均有发病,主要集中于9—12月,占发病总数的55.22%(2 151/3 895)。男性发病高于女性,发病年龄以0~4岁年龄组最高,占73.43%(2 860/3 895)。结论竹山县介水传染病流行情况严重,应加强传染源管理、食品安全风险监测和生活饮用水监测,强化监督管理,积极开展“三管一灭”(管水、管粪、管食物、灭蝇)为主要内容的切断传播途径措施,同时广泛开展健康教育,提高群众预防介水传染病的生活技能。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics, epidemic factors and epidemic trends of water-borne infectious diseases and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic situation of water-borne infectious diseases in Zhushan County, Qinba Mountains, Hubei Province in recent 10 years was surveyed. The relevant literature on water-borne infectious diseases in Qinba Mountains in China was retrieved and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results From 2005 to 2014, a total of 3 895 waterborne infectious diseases were reported in Zhushan County, with an average annual incidence of 83.91 / 100 000 reported without any deaths. The reported incidence in 2005 the lowest (3.95 / 100,000), the highest in 2013 (237.09 / 100,000). The reported cases accounted for the largest number of other infectious diarrhea, accounting for 79.41% of the total (3 093/3 895). Outbreak distribution of 17 townships, the average annual incidence of Chengguan (179.61 / 100,000), Pankou (139.00 / 100,000) as high. The incidence of all four seasons, mainly in September-December, accounting for 55.22% of the total number of cases (2 151/3 895). The incidence of males was higher than that of females, and the age of onset was the highest in 0 ~ 4 age group, accounting for 73.43% (2 860/3 895). Conclusion The prevalence of water-borne infectious diseases in Zhushan County is serious. Source of infection management, food safety risk monitoring and drinking water monitoring should be strengthened, supervision and management should be strengthened, and “three pipes and one off” should be actively carried out , Fly flies) as the main content of the cut-off means of transmission, while extensive health education to raise public awareness of the prevention of water-borne diseases life skills.