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目的了解某学校水痘疫情的流行病学特征,探讨危险因素,为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法收集疫情资料,用SPSS软件进行分析。结果 2015年4月6日~7月4日某学校共报告水痘病例63例,罹患率为2.22%(63/2 844);发病有3个高峰期,水痘疫苗接种率为86.15%。采取应急接种后疫情得到控制。结论以往水痘疫苗接种率较高的学校仍然可能发生水痘疫情,导致水痘传播和流行。严格执行隔离措施和应急接种是控制疫情的有效措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in a school and explore the risk factors so as to provide a scientific basis for making effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological survey data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Results A total of 63 chickenpox cases were reported in a school from April 6 to July 4, 2015, with an attack rate of 2.22% (63/2 844). There were three peak incidence episodes and the varicella vaccination rate was 86.15%. The epidemic was controlled after emergency vaccination. Conclusion In the past schools with high varicella-vaccination rates were still susceptible to the chickenpox epidemic, leading to the spread and spread of chickenpox. Strict implementation of isolation measures and emergency vaccination is an effective measure to control the epidemic.