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本文尝试将文字系统所展示出来的图景,与文字之外被失语的传统联系起来,将明代湘西苗疆土司社会的变迁,放入到明代土司制度的完善、卫所的颓败、白银的流入、汉人入幕土司等复杂的历史过程中来解读。本文认为,明代湖广土司内部社会的变迁中,区分土酋权力与统治正统性的来源,是其中一个关键点。这连同明代以来的一些机制性及经济因素,在相当程度上影响了湘西北土著,由一个姓氏极其不普遍、重视姻亲或兄弟结盟的社会,转变为开始强调谱系传承,拥有姓氏、编修族谱和修筑祠堂的社会。反映在礼仪秩序上,就是在强调姻亲与兄弟联盟的远祖、土王崇拜体系上,增加了一个强调同姓谱系传承的宗族组织下的祖先崇拜。
This article tries to relate the picture displayed by the writing system to the tradition of aphasia beyond words, and puts the vicissitudes of the chieftains’ society in Miaojiang in Ming Dynasty into the improvement of the system of chieftains in Ming Dynasty, the decadent of the Wei Institute, the influx of silver, Han Chinese toast and other complicated historical process to interpret. This paper argues that in the vicissitudes of the society within the Tusi Autonomous Prefecture, it is one of the key points to distinguish the sources of the autocratic power and the legitimacy of the rule. This, along with some institutional and economic factors since the Ming dynasty, affected to a certain extent the indigenous peoples of northwestern Hunan and the society of an extremely unnoticed family whose names belonged to their ancestors or fraternal alliances. They began to emphasize pedigree, surnames and genealogies And building a shrine community. Reflected in the etiquette order is the ancestor worship under the patriarchal organization emphasizing the pedigree of the same surname, which emphasizes the ancestor of the marriage of kinship and brotherhood and the worship system of the kings and kings.