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先看下面一道题：
________(令球迷欣喜的) was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)
解析 这是2011年英语湖北卷中的一道高考题。解题的关键是分析句子结构，经过分析可知本句缺主语，但直接写出delighted the fans/made the fans delighted是不行的，必须有引导词，既可引导主语从句，又在句中充当主语，只有连接代词what符合这个用法。
答案 What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted
在高考英语 “完成句子”题型中，经常会遇到一个从句在主从复合句中作主语、表语、宾语或者同位语的现象，它们分别叫做主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句，这些从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词，因此，这四种从句统称为名词性从句。再看下面的几题：
1.________ (他是否出过国) doesn’t make much difference. (abroad)
2. With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine________ （我的家乡会是什么样）in ten years. (what)
3. During his last lecture, the scientist________
________(觉得) easier to expiain the theory to those with some background knowledge. (find)
4.________ (任何计划了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
5. The news________ (房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
解析 从以上例题中我们可以看出，名词性从句是高考中的一个重要语法考点，每年都涉及一到两题，因此，同学们应重视该语法点的学习与掌握。
答案 1. Whether he has been abroad or not
2. what my hometown will be/look like
3. found it/found (that) it was
4. Whatever has been planned/one has planned
5. that house prices will fall
下面我们重点讲解名词性从句的类别。
1．主语从句
可由从属连词、连接代词、连接副词引导，主语从句后的谓语一般用单数。
That the earth travels around the sun is known to us all. = What is known to us all is that the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳旋转。
Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced. 英语派对将在哪里举行尚未公布。
注意 （1）有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：
“It be +名词/形容词/动词的过去分词/不及物动词+ that” 从句。例如：
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 我发现我没有带钱。
It is possible that our football team will win the match. 我们的足球队可能会赢得比赛。
上面例句可改写为：It is known to us all that the earth travels around the sun.
（2）主语从句中表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+do”, 常用的句型有：
“It is necessary/important/natural/strange ... +that”从句
“It is a pity/shame/no wonder ... + that”从句
“It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired/recommended ... + that”从句
It is necessary that we（should）take measures to prevent the pollution in the city. 我们有必要采取措施来防止城市污染。
2．宾语从句
宾语从句引导词同引导主语从句的形式大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
注意 （1）that引导宾语从句时，通常省去that，但是从句是并列句时，第2个分句前的that不可以省略。
He has told me (that) he will visit the Shanghai World Expo this summer vocation. 他告诉我这个暑假他将去参观上海世博会。
He told me (that) he had finished his homework and that he would watch TV. 他告诉我他已经完成了家庭作业，可以看电视了。
（2）在由who, whom, whose, what, when, why, how, whoever, whatever 等关联词引导的宾语从句中，句子要用陈述语序。
Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong? 你知道他什么时候出发去香港吗？
（3）宾语从句可作介词的宾语
The expert was unwilling to offer advice to whoever he thought was not worthwhile. 那位专家不愿意向他认为不值得的人提供建议。
（4）whether与if引导宾语从句时也用陈述语序，它们作“是否”讲时，下列情况只用whether:
①引导主语从句并位于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导从句作介词宾语时；④连接词紧跟or not 时；⑤接不定式to do时。
Whether he will come or not is unknown. 他是否会来目前还不清楚。
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. 她尚未决定是否要去。
（5）注意宾语从句中的时态，当主句是现在时，从句根据句子情况使用不同时态。
He knows (that) Mary studies English every day. 他知道玛丽每天都学习英语。
He knows (that) Mary studied English well last term. 他知道玛丽上学期英语学得很好。
3．表语从句
表语从句的引导词同引导主语从句的大致一样，表语从句位于系动词之后，有时用as if 引导。其结构为：“主语+系动词+从句”。
China is not what it used to be. 中国不再是以前那个中国了。
The trouble is that he has never done the work before. 问题是他过去从未做过这个工作。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来像是要下雨了。
4．同位语从句
同位语从句用来解释说明前面抽象名词的具体内容，常见的名词为fact, news, idea, truth, information, problem, question, advice, suggestion, request, order, message, promise, word等。引导词通常为that，也可以用whether、when、where等。
I have no idea where we’ll hold the meeting. 我不知道我们要在哪里开会。
注意 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制。试比较：
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的新闻迅速传遍了真个学校。
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的新闻真令人失望。
练习
1. We Chinese people feel proud of________
________ (我们取得的成就) in the past three decades. (achieve)
2. The news spread quickly through the village________ (战争已结束)，making villagers wild with joy. (end)
3. The local Tibetans laughed at the strange bottles containing________ （他们称之为）“English air”. (refer)
4. They expect us to do________
(他们所希望的) in the way of painting, decorating and repairs. (whatever)
5.________ (他所需要的) is enough time and what I need are enough books. (need)
6. He was late for work. That’s________
________（因为他的车出了故障）half way. (break)
7.________ （她不理解）what I meant really worried me a lot. (figure)
8. She is always doing everything for her son, which is________ (她错误所在). (go)
9. Being educated in a famous university is________ (每个学生都希望的). (wish)
10.________ (被称为) as the heaven in China is Hangzhou City. (refer)
11. When the survivor woke up, he wanted to know________ (是谁) that saved him from that burning house. (who)
12.________ (他拒绝承认) his mistakes make the head teacher very angry. (refuse)
13. At present, we are in doubt about________
________(他是否会被录取)a key university. (admit)
14. It’s quite beyond me________ (为什么他们浪费时间) to that park last week. (waste)
15.________ (国与国的时尚不同) may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (fashion, differ)
参考答案
1. what we have achieved
2. that the war had ended
3. what they referred to as
4. whatever they want/wish for/hope for
5. What he needs
6. because his car broke down
7. That she didn’t figure out/Her not figuring out
8. where she goes wrong
9. what every student wishes for
10. What is referred to
11. who it was
12. That he refused to admit
13. whether he will/can be admitted/his being admitted to
14. why they wasted time (in) going
15. That fashion differs from country to country
________(令球迷欣喜的) was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)
解析 这是2011年英语湖北卷中的一道高考题。解题的关键是分析句子结构，经过分析可知本句缺主语，但直接写出delighted the fans/made the fans delighted是不行的，必须有引导词，既可引导主语从句，又在句中充当主语，只有连接代词what符合这个用法。
答案 What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted
在高考英语 “完成句子”题型中，经常会遇到一个从句在主从复合句中作主语、表语、宾语或者同位语的现象，它们分别叫做主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句，这些从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词，因此，这四种从句统称为名词性从句。再看下面的几题：
1.________ (他是否出过国) doesn’t make much difference. (abroad)
2. With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine________ （我的家乡会是什么样）in ten years. (what)
3. During his last lecture, the scientist________
________(觉得) easier to expiain the theory to those with some background knowledge. (find)
4.________ (任何计划了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
5. The news________ (房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
解析 从以上例题中我们可以看出，名词性从句是高考中的一个重要语法考点，每年都涉及一到两题，因此，同学们应重视该语法点的学习与掌握。
答案 1. Whether he has been abroad or not
2. what my hometown will be/look like
3. found it/found (that) it was
4. Whatever has been planned/one has planned
5. that house prices will fall
下面我们重点讲解名词性从句的类别。
1．主语从句
可由从属连词、连接代词、连接副词引导，主语从句后的谓语一般用单数。
That the earth travels around the sun is known to us all. = What is known to us all is that the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳旋转。
Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced. 英语派对将在哪里举行尚未公布。
注意 （1）有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：
“It be +名词/形容词/动词的过去分词/不及物动词+ that” 从句。例如：
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 我发现我没有带钱。
It is possible that our football team will win the match. 我们的足球队可能会赢得比赛。
上面例句可改写为：It is known to us all that the earth travels around the sun.
（2）主语从句中表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+do”, 常用的句型有：
“It is necessary/important/natural/strange ... +that”从句
“It is a pity/shame/no wonder ... + that”从句
“It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired/recommended ... + that”从句
It is necessary that we（should）take measures to prevent the pollution in the city. 我们有必要采取措施来防止城市污染。
2．宾语从句
宾语从句引导词同引导主语从句的形式大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
注意 （1）that引导宾语从句时，通常省去that，但是从句是并列句时，第2个分句前的that不可以省略。
He has told me (that) he will visit the Shanghai World Expo this summer vocation. 他告诉我这个暑假他将去参观上海世博会。
He told me (that) he had finished his homework and that he would watch TV. 他告诉我他已经完成了家庭作业，可以看电视了。
（2）在由who, whom, whose, what, when, why, how, whoever, whatever 等关联词引导的宾语从句中，句子要用陈述语序。
Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong? 你知道他什么时候出发去香港吗？
（3）宾语从句可作介词的宾语
The expert was unwilling to offer advice to whoever he thought was not worthwhile. 那位专家不愿意向他认为不值得的人提供建议。
（4）whether与if引导宾语从句时也用陈述语序，它们作“是否”讲时，下列情况只用whether:
①引导主语从句并位于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导从句作介词宾语时；④连接词紧跟or not 时；⑤接不定式to do时。
Whether he will come or not is unknown. 他是否会来目前还不清楚。
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. 她尚未决定是否要去。
（5）注意宾语从句中的时态，当主句是现在时，从句根据句子情况使用不同时态。
He knows (that) Mary studies English every day. 他知道玛丽每天都学习英语。
He knows (that) Mary studied English well last term. 他知道玛丽上学期英语学得很好。
3．表语从句
表语从句的引导词同引导主语从句的大致一样，表语从句位于系动词之后，有时用as if 引导。其结构为：“主语+系动词+从句”。
China is not what it used to be. 中国不再是以前那个中国了。
The trouble is that he has never done the work before. 问题是他过去从未做过这个工作。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来像是要下雨了。
4．同位语从句
同位语从句用来解释说明前面抽象名词的具体内容，常见的名词为fact, news, idea, truth, information, problem, question, advice, suggestion, request, order, message, promise, word等。引导词通常为that，也可以用whether、when、where等。
I have no idea where we’ll hold the meeting. 我不知道我们要在哪里开会。
注意 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制。试比较：
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的新闻迅速传遍了真个学校。
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的新闻真令人失望。
练习
1. We Chinese people feel proud of________
________ (我们取得的成就) in the past three decades. (achieve)
2. The news spread quickly through the village________ (战争已结束)，making villagers wild with joy. (end)
3. The local Tibetans laughed at the strange bottles containing________ （他们称之为）“English air”. (refer)
4. They expect us to do________
(他们所希望的) in the way of painting, decorating and repairs. (whatever)
5.________ (他所需要的) is enough time and what I need are enough books. (need)
6. He was late for work. That’s________
________（因为他的车出了故障）half way. (break)
7.________ （她不理解）what I meant really worried me a lot. (figure)
8. She is always doing everything for her son, which is________ (她错误所在). (go)
9. Being educated in a famous university is________ (每个学生都希望的). (wish)
10.________ (被称为) as the heaven in China is Hangzhou City. (refer)
11. When the survivor woke up, he wanted to know________ (是谁) that saved him from that burning house. (who)
12.________ (他拒绝承认) his mistakes make the head teacher very angry. (refuse)
13. At present, we are in doubt about________
________(他是否会被录取)a key university. (admit)
14. It’s quite beyond me________ (为什么他们浪费时间) to that park last week. (waste)
15.________ (国与国的时尚不同) may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (fashion, differ)
参考答案
1. what we have achieved
2. that the war had ended
3. what they referred to as
4. whatever they want/wish for/hope for
5. What he needs
6. because his car broke down
7. That she didn’t figure out/Her not figuring out
8. where she goes wrong
9. what every student wishes for
10. What is referred to
11. who it was
12. That he refused to admit
13. whether he will/can be admitted/his being admitted to
14. why they wasted time (in) going
15. That fashion differs from country to country