经济新常态下,处于中等收入阶段的中国经济为什么要推进供给侧结构性改革与如何推进,是值得深入研究的重要问题。文章引入收入势能概念并构建模型,就中国推进供给侧结构性改革的原因和突破口展开分析。收入势能是因为收入快速增长导致高、低收入者之间出现收入势差而形成的影响收入增长、以势能形式存在的能量,收入势能过大会影响劳动者的生产积极性,最终损害劳动生产率。最小势能原理也表明收入差距拉大会降低群体工作协调性。当前我国存在明显的区域经济差距,收入势能也呈增长态势,并且作为一个庞大的经济体我国不可能长期维持在一个最小势能范围。基于此,文章在探讨中等收入陷阱形成原因的基础上,明确了我国推进供给侧结构性改革的突破口。研究表明,结构性改革就是要充分利用市场的力量,以提高劳动力流动性为突破口,让劳动力等要素资源自由流动,从而重新组成合适的生产群体,降低因收入势能所导致的群体非协调性,最终改进劳动生产率,提升供给侧生产效率和生产能力。 Under the new economic normal, why the Chinese economy at the middle income stage should promote supply-side structural reforms and how to promote them is an important issue deserving further study. This paper introduces the concept of income potential and builds a model to analyze the reasons and breakthroughs China has made in promoting supply-side structural reforms. The potential income is due to the income inequality between high and low-income earners, which is caused by the rapid growth of income. The growth of income, the energy in the form of potential energy, the influence of income potential over the general assembly affect the enthusiasm of workers and ultimately the labor productivity. The principle of minimum potential energy also shows that widening the income gap will reduce the coordination of group work. At present, there is a clear regional economic disparity in our country, and the potential income also shows an upward trend. As a huge economy, it is impossible for our country to maintain a minimum potential energy over the long term. Based on this, the article explores the reasons for the formation of the middle-income trap and clarifies the breakthrough of China’s supply-side structural reform. Research shows that structural reform is to make full use of the market forces to improve labor mobility as a breakthrough to allow free flow of labor and other elements of resources to reorganize the appropriate production groups and reduce the potential non-coordination of income groups, Ultimately improving labor productivity and improving supply-side production efficiency and production capacity.