成本比较优势的机制在当代国际分工和国际贸易中仍然发挥作用。中国工业的比较优势主要是劳动力资源丰富。改革开放以来 ,中国国际贸易的高速增长 ,主要得益于较好地发挥了劳动力便宜的比较优势。由于二元经济结构和地区经济发展水平上的差异将继续存在 ,同时由于劳动力供给大大超出劳动力的需求 ,中国劳动力便宜的比较优势将能够长期保持下去。但是 ,劳动力便宜的比较优势是相对的 ,在资本和技术密集型产业 ,这种优势并不明显。企业办社会和人浮于事等大大抵消了劳动力便宜的优势。所以 ,在市场竞争中 ,必须高度重视提高劳动生产率。制造业员工的工资水平低 ,虽然有利于降低企业生产成本 ,但也有消极作用 :一是在国际贸易中 ,导致国民福利的流出 ;二是限制了低收入阶层的购买力 ,抑制了国内需求。逐步提高制造业工人的工资水平是必要的 The mechanism of cost comparative advantage still plays a role in the current international division of labor and international trade. The comparative advantage of China’s industry is mainly its abundant labor resources. Since the introduction of the policy of reform and opening up, the rapid growth of China’s international trade has benefited mainly from its comparative advantages of making the labor force cheaper. As the difference between the dual economic structure and the level of regional economic development will continue to exist, and the labor supply greatly exceeds the demand of the labor force, the comparative advantage of China’s cheap labor will be able to be maintained in the long run. However, the comparative advantage of cheap labor is relative, which is not obvious in capitalist and technology-intensive industries. Enterprises to do society and people floating things greatly offset the advantage of cheap labor. Therefore, in the market competition, we must attach great importance to improving labor productivity. The low wages of manufacturing workers, while conducive to reducing production costs, also have a negative effect: First, in international trade, leading to the flow of national welfare; the second is to limit the purchasing power of low-income groups, curbing domestic demand. It is necessary to gradually raise the wages of manufacturing workers