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一、我国特区成功的原因分析 我国五个经济特区在短短十几年内的确取得了巨大和辉煌的成就,特别是深圳,从一个落后的边陲小镇,一跃而为名列全国前茅的大中型工商业城和出口商品基地,其发展之快,在世界上也可称为奇迹。 成功的原因何在?我认为,从宏观上的客观因素来说,在中国对外开放和改革的总形势下,它们提前进行了改革开放,创建了适宜于外商投资的小环境,包括基础设施和优惠政策等。同时,利用了毗邻港澳台的地理环境或在海外的侨胞等乡亲关系,吸引了大量港澳台胞回来投资,加上港、澳、台、日本等劳动密集型产业转移的机遇。从特区本身的机制来看,我们没有照搬外国出口加工区、自由贸易区的封闭型模式,而是适应自己的国情,采取了对外半开放、对内不封闭、外引内联、各种所有制并存的模式,集中了全国的人才、技术、资金,与外资结合起来利用土地、房产、廉价劳动力等作为原始资金积累,使特区经济很快地发展起来。这是有中国特色的特区发展道路,也可称为中国特区模式。与亚洲各国比较,我认为,中国特区模式是最成功的。
I. Analysis of the Reasons for the Success of the SAR of Our Country The five special economic zones in our country have made tremendous and brilliant achievements in just a dozen or so years. Shenzhen, in particular, has jumped from a backward border town to a national front rank Large and medium-sized commercial city and export commodity base, its rapid development, in the world can also be called a miracle. The reasons for the success? I think, macroscopically objective factors, in the general situation of China’s opening up and reform, they advance the reform and opening up, created a suitable foreign investment in a small environment, including infrastructure and preferential Policy and so on. At the same time, it has taken advantage of the proximity of Hong Kong, Maucao and Taiwan to the affiliation of compatriots overseas. It has attracted a large amount of investment from Hong Kong, Maucao and Taiwan and coupled with opportunities for the transfer of labor-intensive industries such as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Japan. From the perspective of the mechanism of the SAR itself, we have not copied the closed model of the foreign export processing zones and free trade zones. Instead, we have adapted ourselves to our own national conditions and adopted the principle of semi-openness to the outside world, inward non-closure, The mode of coexistence has brought together the talent, technology and funds of the whole country and used the accumulation of land, real estate and cheap labor as the original capital in combination with foreign funds to rapidly develop the economy in the SEZ. This is a development path of the SAR with Chinese characteristics. It can also be called the SAR model. Compared with other Asian countries, I think the SAR model is the most successful.