The primary theoretical framework of the Sciences of Human Settlements was established based on the researches and practices for decades. Nowadays, it is facing a new start in order to face the challenges of “transformation” and “restructuring” amid the process of urbanization. It means that, in both the theoretical and practical fields of the Sciences of Human Settlements, due attention should be paid to the discussions on urbanization strategies, the rethinking on balanced urban-rural development, the extension and integration of various disciplines, and the realization of experimental projects in various localities. The Sciences of Human Settlements should be more closely connected with related sciences and technologies and learn more from the traditional “Chinese wisdom,” so as to establish the system of “Grand Science, Grand Humanism and Grand Arts.” The practice of the Sciences of Human Settlements should highlight the integration of both strategies and methodologies, the completion of institutions, and the monitoring at the macro-level. Both the top-down strategic planning and design and the bottom-up comprehensive community construction are necessary. Now that the times of great transition brings us an opportunity to solve problems creatively, the Sciences of Human Settlements should be further researched and explored. The primary theoretical framework of the Sciences of Human Settlements was established based on the researches and practices for decades. Nowadays, it is facing a new start in order to face the challenges of “transformation ” and “restructuring ” amid the process of urbanization. It means that, in both the theoretical and practical fields of the Sciences of Human Settlements, due attention should be paid to the discussions on urbanization strategies, the rethinking on balanced urban-rural development, the extension and integration of various disciplines, and the realization of experimental projects in various localities. The Sciences of Human Settlements should be more closely connected with related sciences and technologies and learn more from the traditional “Chinese wisdom,” “so as to establish the system of” Grand Science, Grand Humanism and Grand Arts. "The practice of the Sciences of Human Settlements should highlight the integration of both strategies and methodologies, the completion of institutions, and the monitoring at the macro-level. Both the top-down strategic planning and design and the bottom-up comprehensive community construction are necessary. Now that the times of great transition brings us an opportunity to solve problems creatively, the Sciences of Human Settlements should be further researched and explored.