新中国成立到1956年初召开的知识分子会议,党和政府高度重视知识分子的作用,对知识分子采取“团结、教育、改造”的政策。在对知识分子进行思想改造的过程中收到一定的成效,但同时也出现偏离并造成不良影响。1956年知识分子会议顺利召开,解决了长期存在的问题,提高了知识分子参与新中国建设的积极性。1957年党的知识分子政策又发生转变。 From the founding of New China to the meeting of intellectuals held in early 1956, the party and government attached great importance to the role of intellectuals and adopted a policy of “unite, educate and transform” intellectuals. Some achievements have been made in the process of ideological reform of intellectuals, but at the same time, there have been deviations and adverse effects. The convening of the conference of intellectuals in 1956 successfully solved the long-standing problems and raised the enthusiasm of intellectuals in the construction of new China. In 1957, the policy of the party’s intellectuals changed again.