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Purpose: To observe the effect of preserving anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) on anteriorsegments of rabbit eyes undergoing tenotomy of extraocular muscles.Methods: Thirty-two adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups.Same procedures were done in both eyes in each group except that left eyes underwentpreservation of ACVs. In the first group medial and lateral recti, in the second group,superior and inferior recti, in the third group, medial, lateral and superior or inferior rectiand in the fourth group, all four recti, underwent tenotomy. Slit-lamp examination,intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, total protein and lactic acid quantification inaqueous humor were done in all eyes pre- and post-operatively. By four weeks afteroperation, the eyes were enucleated for histological examination and electron microscopy.All data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.Results: In the left eyes of both group 1 and group 2, no inflammatory response wasobserved. In the left eyes of group 3 and 4, we observed mild inflammatory response withslit-lamp examination, which disappeared in one wk. However, we did not findsignificant changes in IOP, total protein and lactic acid of aqueous humor, histology andelectron microscopic examination in these groups. In the right eyes in group 2, 3 and 4,we observed moderate to severe inflammatory changes, a few even developed anteriorsegment ischemia, appeared as decreased IOP, increased total protein and lactic acid inaqueous humor, along with pathological and electron-microscopic changes.Conclusion: Simultaneous tenotomy of three or four recti or two vertical recti on one eyemay decrease anterior segment blood flow even lead to ischemia. ACVs preservation mayprotect the blood circulation in anterior segment. Our study suggests that ACVspreservation in strabismus surgeries especially those involving multi-recti tenotomies mayprevent potential anterior segment ischemia.