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收集了山东省23个气象站50年的日雨量资料,结合侵蚀力理论和GIS空间分析方法,分析了山东省各雨量级降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征和降雨侵蚀力增长率空间差异的原因。结果表明:山东省降雨侵蚀力和降雨量的空间分布相一致,呈现自东南向西北减少的趋势;年平均和各雨量级降雨侵蚀力的变化表现为高值区降低,低值区增加的规律;全省降雨量和降雨侵蚀力的年际变化分别为减少(-0.03 mm/a)和增加(9.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a));暴雨和大雨是山东省降雨侵蚀力的主要来源,而大暴雨侵蚀力增大是多年来降雨侵蚀力呈现增长趋势的原因;ENSO冷暖事件、地形、局部强对流天气和夏秋季东南季风减弱会导致山东省降雨侵蚀力增长率的空间差异。
Based on 50 years’ daily rainfall data of 23 weather stations in Shandong Province, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of rainfall erosivity and the spatial differences of rainfall erosivity in Shandong Province based on the theory of erosivity and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity and rainfall in Shandong Province are in line with each other, decreasing from southeast to northwest. The annual average and precipitation erosivity of each rainfall level are decreasing in high value area and increasing in low value area (-0.03 mm / a) and increase (9.00 MJ · mm / (hm2 · h · a) respectively). Rainfall and heavy rain were the rainfall erosivity in Shandong Province The main reason is the increase of rainfall erosivity in Shandong Province. The ENSO cold and warm events, terrain, strong convective weather, and the weakening of southeast monsoon in summer and autumn will lead to the spatial difference of rainfall erosivity in Shandong.