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改革开放20年来,西部民族地区经济得到了快速发展,但统计数据表明,东西部地区差距不但没有缩小,反而呈现扩大趋势。目前,中国区域经济格局明显地呈现出三个梯度。其中东部发展最快,西部发展相对最慢。东西部差距拉大的原因是多方面的,如历史发展水平,自然因素,发展背景以及不平衡发展的区域政策下产生的影响等,其中一个主要的原因是资金投入非均衡造成的。东西部地区资金投入非均衡主要包括以下几个方面:一是国家的东部倾斜政策,使西部固定资产投资相对减少,1978年西部民族地区固定资产投资比重是24%,到1994年则下降到12%,而同时期东部地区固定资产投资比重则从35%上升为66%。二是西部自我积累能力不足,受人均收入水平、财政收入水平等影响,1996年东部积累率比西部高出三个百分点。三是信贷资金不足。1996年全国银行贷款总额中,东部占了53.37%,西部只占14.49%,西部人均占有贷款仅仅只有东部的四
In the 20 years since the reform and opening up, the economy in the western minority areas has witnessed rapid development. However, statistics show that the gap between the eastern and western regions has not only been narrowed, but has been expanding. At present, China’s regional economic structure clearly shows three gradients. Among them, the eastern part has the fastest development and the western part has the slowest development. The widening gap between East and West is due to many factors, such as the historical development level, natural factors, development background and the impact of unbalanced development under the regional policies. One of the major reasons is imbalanced investment. The unbalanced investment in the eastern and western regions mainly includes the following aspects: First, the state’s eastward tilt policy has caused a relative reduction in the investment in fixed assets in the western part. In 1978, the investment in fixed assets in the ethnic minority areas in western China was 24%, down from 12 in 1994 %, While the proportion of investment in fixed assets in the eastern region rose from 35% to 66% at the same time. Second, due to the lack of self-accumulation capacity in the western region, affected by the level of per capita income and fiscal revenue, the rate of accumulation in the east in 1996 was three percentage points higher than that in the west. Third, lack of credit funds. In 1996, of the total national bank loans, the eastern part accounted for 53.37% of the total, while the western part accounted for only 14.49%. The western part of the total lending per capita was only four in the eastern part