考古学源于人们对自身过往历史和文化的探究与追寻,因此,它在过去很长时间以及将来的发展中仍然会作为历史学亦即人文学科的分支学科而存在,也就是说,无论分析方法多么尖端,阐释理论多么前沿,“作为历史学的考古学”这一命题将永不过时,对于有着悠久文明与成文历史的旧大陆文明古国和文明区域的考古学尤其如此。上世纪中叶前后开始并延续至今的以测年技术、地理探测技术、计算机技术和生命(态)科学等为代表的自然科学手段在考古学上的广泛应用,赋予了考古学浓重的(自然)科学的色彩,科技考古成果辈出,“作为科学的考古学”逐渐被认可、接受。与此同时或稍早开始融入到考古学并同样延续到当下的文化人类学、民族志学,在理解和解读考古遗存并进而阐释早期人类社会行为方面所具有的启发意义,使得“作为人类学的考古学”深入人心,成绩斐然。学科的上述发展,既是因应了考古学主战场先是以文明或国家起源、继之以社会复杂化进程这一主要任务的需要,也反过来极大促进了考古学自身在人类早期社会研究上的广度与深度,其必然结果是,考古学由对(器)物的专注,转移到对人和人类社会组织的关注,家户、村落、城镇、都市,人口数量、手工生产、贸易、市场,基层组织、社区规划、行政职能、国家和政治形态,诸如此类的社会学、经济学、政治学和法学等社会科学的术语和概念越来越多地出现在考古学家们的论著中,“作为社会科学的考古学”这一命题便应运而生。而且,很重要的一点是,随着全球的一体化和学科的国际化,考古学正在超越其固有的地域的局限性,成为所有从业者可以共享的知识领域。在这一点上,社会科学所固有的理性、实证性等特征,恰恰是考古学所需要的。这就是考古学,一个富于融合能力的学科理论的发展脉络,正是这种融合能力,使之能够不断创新,永葆青春。 Archeology originated from people’s exploration and pursuit of their own past history and culture. Therefore, it has existed for a long time and in the future as a branch of history, that is, humanities. That is to say, regardless of the analysis How advanced the theory is, and how advanced the theory is. The proposition “as an archeology of history” will never go out of fashion. This is especially so for the archeology of ancient civilizations and civilized regions of the ancient civilizations with long civilizations and written histories. The extensive application of natural sciences, represented by dating techniques, geophysical prospecting techniques, computer techniques and life sciences, that began and continue in the middle of the last century has given archeology a strong (natural) The color of science, science and technology archeological results, “as a science of archeology ” gradually accepted and accepted. At the same time or earlier, the integration into archeology and the continuation of contemporary cultural anthropology, ethnography, the enlightening significance of understanding and interpreting archeological remains and thus elucidating the behavior of early human societies makes “anthropology” Archeology “enjoys popular support, impressive performance. The above developments in the discipline not only correspond to the needs of the main battlefield of archeology first, starting with civilization or origin, followed by the process of social complication, but also in turn greatly promote the archeology itself in the study of early human society The inevitable result is that archeology shifts from focusing on objects to attention to human and human social organizations, household, village, town, city, population, handicraft, trade, market, The terms and concepts of social science such as grassroots organizations, community planning, administrative functions, state and political forms, and sociology, economics, political science and jurisprudence such as these are appearing more and more in the writings of archaeologists, Archeology as a social science ”this proposition came into being. And, importantly, archeology is transcending its inherent geographical limitations as global integration and the internationalization of disciplines become a domain of knowledge that all practitioners can share. At this point, the inherent characteristics of social science, such as rationality and positivism, are precisely what archeology needs. This is the development of archeology and a rich subject theory of fusion. It is this fusion capability that enables it to constantly innovate and remain young forever.