一、引言长期以来,学术界和新闻舆论界对人民代表大会制度的关注比较多地集中于立法和选举方面,如选举法的修改,基层人大代表的直选,人大对同级“一府两院”组成人员的选举与监督,以及地方性法规立法与合宪性审查等问题。不可否认,选举是民主政治生活的重要体现,立法权与选举权亦是人大的重要职权,并彰显了人民代表大会作为权力机关,承载了人民当家作主这一愿望的崇高地位。但是有一个非常重要的问题——地方人大对同级人民政府怎样才能进行实质性的、有效的监督——长期以来没有得到很好的解决,理论上对 I. INTRODUCTION For a long time, academics and media have paid more attention to the system of people’s congress focusing on legislation and election. For example, the revision of the Electoral Law, the direct election of grassroots deputies, the NPC’s decision to “ Hospital ”members of the election and supervision, as well as local laws and regulations and constitutional review and other issues. It is undeniable that the election is an important manifestation of the democratic political life. Legislative and electoral rights are also the important powers of the NPC. It also demonstrates the lofty status of the NPC as the organ of power and the people’s desire to be the masters of the country. However, there is a very important issue - how can local people’s congresses exercise substantive and effective supervision over people’s governments at the same level? They have not been well resolved for a long time. In theory,