目的了解贯彻实施职防法控制职业病危害的近期效果及其主要影响因素,为深入贯彻职防法,制定职业病防治工作规划提供参考。方法随机抽取重点行业272家用人单位、1586名职工进行问卷调查。结果1.企业职工职防法知晓率72.9%￣80.4%,对职防法相关内容的知晓率65%。知晓途径50.5%为媒体;职业病防制措施的贯彻率有逐年提高的趋势,但仍有近半数用人单位贯彻不到位。2.职业性有害因素的监测率、合格率、职业健康受检率等逐年提高,而疑似职业病检出率、急性职业病危害事故发生数均有逐年降低的趋势。3.城镇私有、乡镇企业和个体工商户职业卫生监督率增幅30个百分点以上。4.影响职防法贯彻实施及控制职业病危害近期效果的主要因素是对职防法及其相关内容的知晓率、企业类型和规模。Topsis多因素分析显示,贯彻职防法控制职业病危害近期效果逐年提高;大型企业优于中小型企业、乡镇和个体私营企业。结论贯彻职防法控制职业病危害已取得一定近期效果;进一步深入学习贯彻职防法,加强对中小企业,尤其是乡镇、私营企业的监督执法力度,仍是我省贯彻职防法控制职业病危害的重要任务。 Objective To understand the short-term effect of occupational disease control and its main influencing factors in the implementation of the anti-occupational law and to provide reference for the further implementation of the anti-occupational law and the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control work plans. Methods A total of 272 employers in key industries and 1586 workers were randomly selected for questionnaire survey. Results 1. The staff awareness of duty-based awareness of 72.9% ~ 80.4%, awareness of relevant content of the law enforcement 65%. 50.5% knew the way as the media; the implementation rate of occupational disease prevention measures has been increasing year by year, but nearly half of employers still have problems in place. 2. Occupational harmful factors monitoring rate, pass rate, occupational health examination rate increased year by year, while the suspected occupational disease detection rate, the number of acute occupational hazards have decreased year by year trend. 3. The occupational health supervision rate of privately owned towns, township enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households increased by more than 30 percentage points. 4. The main factors that affect the short-term effect of implementing and controlling occupational hazards in the law enforcement are the awareness of the law and prevention laws and related content, the type and size of enterprises. Topsis multivariate analysis showed that the short-term effect of occupational disease prevention and control over occupational diseases has been increasing year by year. Large-scale enterprises are superior to small and medium-sized enterprises, townships and individual and private-owned enterprises. Conclusions The implementation of the law on occupational hazards has achieved some immediate effects. To further study and implement the law on occupational hazards and strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of SMEs, especially townships and private-owned enterprises, it is still the province that implements the law of occupational hazards to control occupational diseases Important task.