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自1968年Donald提出作物理想株型(ideotype)以来,众多学者在如何减少生长冗余、塑造理想株型方面做了大量努力,在旱地小麦育种策略和栽培管理模式创新方面取得了一定进展。而该方面的进展有限,不同领域的研究者对理想株型和生长冗余的认识存在严重分歧。综述了近年来旱地小麦理想株型研究进展,以过去20年黄土高原雨养农业区的观测数据为主进行了集成分析,将产量分别与根系生物量、地上生物量和株高等指标进行回归分析,勾画了旱地小麦在根系、茎秆和分蘖等器官中生长冗余的演变趋势,对生长冗余产生的生态学机制展开了分析,并对理想株型与生长冗余的互作关系进行了讨论。已有的研究进展表明,旱地小麦理想株型演变是一个不断消减生长冗余,但又无法完全消除冗余的复杂过程,一定程度的冗余存在是理想株型发生的物质基础。旱地小麦理想株型育种必须以基因型和环境互作关系为基础,通过减少个体间的竞争强度和个体大小不整齐性,促进物质和能量更多地向籽粒迁移,最终提高种群产量。综上所述,旱地小麦理想株型选择需建立在生长冗余理论基础上,根据生态学基本原理对基因型和表现型进行耦合分析与选择权衡。
Since Donald proposed crop ideal type (ideotype) in 1968, many scholars have done a lot of work on how to reduce the growth redundancy and create the ideal plant type. Some progress has been made in the innovation of dryland wheat breeding strategy and cultivation management mode. However, progress in this area is limited. Researchers in different fields have serious differences on the understanding of ideal plant type and growth redundancy. The research progress of the ideal plant type of dryland wheat in recent years was summarized. Based on the observation data of the rainfed farming area in the Loess Plateau in the past 20 years, the integrated analysis was conducted, and the regression analysis was conducted between the yield and the root biomass, aboveground biomass and plant height , The trend of growth redundancy of dryland wheat in root, stem, tiller and other organs was outlined, the ecological mechanism of growth redundancy was analyzed, and the interaction between ideal plant type and growth redundancy discuss. The existing research shows that the evolution of the ideal plant type in dryland wheat is a complex process that continuously reduces the growth redundancy but can not completely eliminate the redundancy. The existence of a certain degree of redundancy is the material basis for the ideal plant type occurrence. The ideal plant type of wheat in dryland must base on the genotype and environment interaction, promote the migration of matter and energy to the grain more by reducing the competition intensity and the individual size of the individual, and finally increase the population output. In summary, the ideal plant type selection of dryland wheat needs to be based on the theory of growth redundancy, based on the basic principles of ecology for genotypic and phenotypic coupling analysis and selection of trade-offs.