药物基因组学、转录组学和蛋白组学均可能对个性化药物治疗有帮助,但均存在局限性。对药物基因组学而言,因为基因的复杂性,对人类的研究中很难确定遗传型为表现型还是基因型。一种DNA试验不能提供每个病人完全确定的药物反应。转录组学通常运用互补脱氧核糖核酸(cDNA)表达微阵 Pharmacogenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics all may be helpful for personalized medicine, but all have limitations. For pharmacogenomics, because of the complexity of the gene, it is difficult to determine whether the genetic type is phenotype or genotype in human studies. A DNA test does not provide a well-defined drug response for each patient. Transcriptomics usually uses complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) expression microarrays