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20世纪初,资产阶级民主派是最早在中国传播唯物史观的主体,其对唯物史观的理解、选择和建构过程具有特殊的方式。其中,资产阶级民主革命理想是他们取舍唯物史观的意义中枢;中国传统文化观念是他们理解唯物史观的思想媒介;公式化和工具化是他们对唯物史观意义建构的理论与价值取向。资产阶级民主派对唯物史观认知方式表明,一种新的社会理论进入一个新的情境,其传播与认知都不是纯粹的。主体所处的特定的社会环境和时代要求,以及主体本身所依存的文化传统和主体思维中已形成思想体系等都将影响对理论的传播与认知。分析资产阶级民主派对唯物史观的认知方式,有利于认识唯物史观早期传播的得与失,对克服唯物史观因传播技术而形成的认识误区具有现实意义。
At the beginning of the 20th century, bourgeois democrats were the first to spread the historical materialism in China. Their understanding, choice and construction of historical materialism have a special way. Among them, the ideal of bourgeois democratic revolution is the center of their choice of historical materialism; Chinese traditional culture is their ideological medium for understanding historical materialism; and their formulation and instrumentalization are their theoretical and value orientation for constructing the meaning of historical materialism. The way the bourgeois democrats perceive the historical materialism shows that a new kind of social theory has entered a new situation and its dissemination and cognition are not pure. The specific social environment and time requirements the subject is in, as well as the cultural traditions the subject itself depends on and the ideological system that has been formed in the subject’s thinking will all influence the dissemination and cognition of the theory. Analysis of the bourgeois democrats’ cognitive mode of materialist conception of history is beneficial to understanding the gains and losses of the early spread of the historical materialism and has practical significance in overcoming the misunderstanding of the historical materialism formed by the spread of technology.