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使用价值是财富的物质内容,价值是生产财富的人类劳动耗费,因此,从马克思劳动二重性理论出发,可以说明,随着劳动生产率提高,会出现使用价值(即财富)与价值的对立运动:使用价值量(即财富量)会增加,而价值量则会减少。商品价格由商品的价值量相对于货币的价值量(或货币代表的价值量)的相对量决定,因此,从马克思商品价格决定理论出发,可以说明,随着劳动生产率提高,会出现价格与价值的反向运行:商品价值会降低,而价格则会提高。本文从马克思理论出发,讨论劳动生产率变化与价值、使用价值和价格变化的辩证关系,并说明新古典经济学在劳动生产率与生产函数上的误解和错误,破解了所谓“世纪之谜”。
Use value is the material content of wealth, and value is the human labor cost of producing wealth. Therefore, starting from Marx’s theory of labor duality, it can be shown that as labor productivity rises, there will be a counter movement of value in use (ie, wealth) and value: The amount of value (that is, the amount of wealth) increases, while the amount of value decreases. The price of a commodity is determined by the relative value of the value of the commodity relative to the value of the currency (or the value of the currency). Therefore, starting from the Marxist theory of determining the price of commodities, it can be shown that as labor productivity rises, the opposite of price and value Operation: The value of goods will decrease while the price will increase. Based on Marxist theory, this paper discusses the dialectical relationship between changes in labor productivity and value, use value and price changes, and explains misunderstandings and mistakes of neoclassical economics on labor productivity and production function. It resolves the so-called “Mysteries of the Century” .