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为了研究喷铝涂层对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)结构的雷击防护性能,开展了实验和数值仿真研究。对未防护CFRP材料开展的雷击过程观测、损伤测试及超声C扫描检测结果表明,雷电流直接效应会对CFRP造成明显的可见损伤,且焦耳热效应会在雷电流注入到材料中后持续作用,引起更大范围的内部损伤;对全喷铝CFRP开展的雷击测试表明,喷铝涂层都能够显著减小CFRP表面的雷击损伤面积,且涂层厚度越大,雷击防护效果越好。基于实验结果,采用随温度变化的材料参数建立了未防护、全喷铝及十字形喷铝三种CFRP结构的电热耦合效应仿真模型,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了仿真方法的有效性。最后,利用所建立的模型分析了雷电流A波作用下喷铝涂层的雷击防护性能,结果表明,当全喷铝涂层的厚度为0.19 mm时,CFRP的损伤面积占比随结构的增重比达到最优;而对十字形涂层来说,雷电流传导路径所在的分支宽度应不小于20 mm,非传导路径所在的分支则可根据需要尽量减小宽度。
In order to study the lightning protection performance of aluminum sprayed coatings on carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix (CFRP) structures, experimental and numerical simulations were carried out. The results of lightning process, damage test and ultrasonic C-scan on unprotected CFRP show that the direct effect of lightning current can cause obvious visible damage to CFRP, and the Joule heating effect will continue after the lightning current is injected into the material, resulting in And a larger range of internal damage. The lightning tests on the fully sprayed aluminum CFRP show that the sprayed aluminum coating can significantly reduce the area of lightning damage on the surface of CFRP, and the greater the coating thickness, the better the lightning protection effect. Based on the experimental results, the simulation model of electrothermal coupling effect of unprotected, fully sprayed aluminum and cruciform aluminum-sprayed CFRP structures was established based on the material parameters with temperature changes. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the simulation method. Finally, the lightning protection performance of sprayed aluminum coating was analyzed by using the established model. The results show that when the thickness of sprayed aluminum coating is 0.19 mm, the damage area proportion of CFRP increases with the increase of structure Weight ratio to achieve the best; and cross-shaped coating, the thunder and lightning current conduction path where the branch width should not be less than 20 mm, the branch of the non-conductive path where the need to minimize the width.