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对近50年来华南地区常规籼稻主栽品种的农艺性状进行主成分分析,前6项主成分的方差总贡献达到85.1%,其中穗粒数因子的方差贡献率最高。回归分析结果则显示,生物产量因子得分与产量的标准化回归系数最大,表明其对产量的贡献最大。基于前6项主成分得分进行品种聚类,可以将品种分为5大类。进一步对不同品种类别的各项主成分得分以及各项农艺性状进行比较,结果显示生物产量是决定华南地区水稻产量水平的关键性因素。不同类别间穗粒数因子与粒重因子相互消长,其中任一项因子得分过低都将限制产量水平提高,只有两者达到比较理想的平衡时,才能在高生物产量水平的条件下实现库容量的提高,促使产量水平提高。以提高生物产量为前提,在现有大穗的基础上适当提高千粒重水平,使穗粒数因子和粒重因子在更高水平上形成新的平衡,将是进一步提高华南地区水稻产量水平的重要途径。
The principal component analysis of the agronomic traits of the indica rice cultivars in South China in the recent 50 years showed that the variance contribution of the first six principal components reached 85.1%, of which the variance of the grain number per spike was the highest. The results of regression analysis showed that the standardized regression coefficient of the bio-yield factor score and yield was the largest, indicating that it contributed the most to the yield. Based on the first six main component scores for variety clustering, the breeds can be divided into five major categories. Further comparison of the scores of major components and agronomic traits in different varieties showed that the biological yield was the key factor that determines the rice yield in southern China. The grain-number and grain-weight factors in different types of rice decrease with each other, and the low score of any one of them will limit the increase of yield. Only when the two reach an ideal balance can the library be realized under the condition of high biological yield Capacity increase, prompting increased production levels. In order to improve the biological yield, it is important to further improve the level of rice yield in southern China by properly raising the level of 1000-grain weight on the basis of the existing large spike, and forming a new balance at a higher level for grain-number and grain-weight factors way.