为了比较不同腐生食用菌降解纤维素、木质素以及淀粉的能力,以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)、香菇(Lentinus edodes)和杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii)为研究对象,采用平板变色圈法对胞外酶种类进行定性检测,选用36%木屑、43%锯末、20%麸皮、1%蔗糖,58%~60%水分,pH 6.6为栽培基质进行栽培出菇,再利用分光光度计法检测其中4种代表性胞外酶在生长发育各阶段的酶活性变化。结果表明:利用变色圈法在平菇、香菇和杏鲍菇中均检测到羧甲基纤维素钠酶(CMCase)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidase,LiP)、漆酶(Laccase)和锰过氧化物酶(Manganese peroxidase,MnP);在平菇及香菇中检测到淀粉酶(Amylase),在香菇中未检测到淀粉酶。杏鲍菇羧甲基纤维素钠酶、滤纸酶、淀粉酶活性与子实体形成正相关,子实体快速生长或者子实体成熟时活性峰值,在发菌及潮菇间期酶活性低;漆酶活性在发菌期有较高的水平,在菇蕾形成达到第一个活性高峰,随后逐渐下降直到子实体老化阶段酶活性升高到第二个高峰;表明杏鲍菇利用木质素先于纤维素和淀粉。平菇羧甲基纤维素钠酶、漆酶活性与子实体形成正相关,其活性峰分别出现在子实体快速生长及成熟阶段;滤纸酶及淀粉酶在整个生长发育阶段均维持价低水平,子实体形成过程无严格相关性。香菇羧甲基纤维素钠酶、滤纸酶在发菌阶段酶活性较高,在幼菇阶段达到峰值,之后逐渐下降;淀粉酶活性与子实体形成过程无严格相关性,始终维持在较低水平;在生长发育过程中几乎检测不到漆酶活性。在生长发育过程中,同种菌不同胞外酶之间、相同胞外酶在不同菌之间酶活性大小及变化规律存在一定的差异。 In order to compare the ability of different saprophytic fungi to degrade cellulose, lignin and starch, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus eryngii were used as the research objects. Qualitative detection of enzyme types, selection 36% sawdust, sawdust 43%, 20% bran, 1% sucrose, 58% ~ 60% water, pH 6.6 for the cultivation of cultivated substrate, and then use the spectrophotometer assay 4 Changes in Enzyme Activities of Representative Extracellular Enzymes at Various Stages of Growth and Development. The results showed that CMCase, Lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase and Laccase were detected in the Pleurotus ostreatus, Manganese peroxidase (MnP); Amylase was detected in Pleurotus ostreatus and Mushrooms, but no amylase was detected in Mushrooms. Pleurotus eryngii carboxymethyl cellulose sodium enzyme, filter paper enzyme, amylase activity and fruiting bodies formed a positive correlation between the rapid growth of fruiting bodies or fruit fruiting bodies mature peak activity in the bacteria and tidal mushrooms during the low enzyme activity; laccase Activity in the germination period has a higher level in the mushroom buds reached the first peak activity, and then gradually decreased until the fruiting body aging stage enzyme activity rose to the second peak; that Pleurotus eryngii use of lignin before the fiber Vegetarian and starch. The activity of carboxymethylcellulose sodium phosphatase and laccase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus were positively correlated with the formation of fruiting bodies, and the activity peaks appeared in the rapid growth and maturation stages of fruiting bodies respectively. The activity of filter paper and amylase remained low at the whole growth and development stages, Sub-entity formation process is not strictly related. Mushroom carboxymethyl cellulose sodium enzyme, filter paper enzyme activity in the stage of germination higher enzyme activity, peaked in the stage of young mushrooms, and then gradually decreased; amylase activity and fruiting body formation process is not strictly related, always maintained at a low level ; Almost no detectable laccase activity during growth and development. During the process of growth and development, there are some differences in the activity and size of different extracellular enzymes of the same species and between the same extracellular enzymes.