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目的 了解2007-2016年成都市双流区5岁以下儿童死亡率及其变化趋势.方法 收集双流区2007-2016年5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据,采用描述性分析、χ2检验等进行统计分析.结果 2007-2016年双流区5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势(2007年为10.15‰,2016年为3.78‰),农村死亡率高于城镇且男童高于女童.先天性心脏病和败血症是婴儿的主要死因,且2007-2016年死亡率均增高,交通意外、溺水、肺炎是1～4岁儿童的主要死因,但2007-2016年死亡率均降低.结论 双流地区近10年5岁以下儿童死亡率下降显著,但婴儿死亡仍然具有较重负担,以先天性心脏病为主的出生缺陷发生率逐年增加,提示需进一步加强围产期母婴保健,加强出生缺陷的三级预防.“,”Objective To know the mortality rate and variation trend of mortality on children under 5 years old. Methods The monitoring data on death of children under 5 years old in Shuangliu district from 2007 to 2016 were collected. The basic descriptive statistical methods and χ2 test were used to analyze the data. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Shuangliu district showed a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2016 (the mortality rate was 10. 15‰in 2007, and 3. 78‰in 2016). The mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in the towns, and the mortality rate of boys was higher than that of girls. Congenital heart disease (CHD) and hematosepsis were main causes of infants death, and the mortality rate increased from the year of 2007 to 2016. For 1 to 4-year-old children, traffic accident, drowning and pneumonia were main causes of death, but the mortality rate reduced from 2007 to 2016. Conclusions In the past 10 years, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old had decreased significantly, but the death of infants still leaved a greater burden and the incidence of birth defects based on CHD was increasing. So it is suggested to further strengthen maternal and child health care, to enhance prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis in order to reduce birth defects.