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前言长期以来,资本积累与资本形成的问题实际上一直没有引起学术界的注意。这个问题再也不是发展经济研究的核心问题了,而在15—30年以前,它却是个核心问题。如今,人们也许已忘了在六十年代的那种悲观情绪,当时的各界人士都难以相信经济落后的发展中国家会有可能取得每年4%的经济增长率,因为如果要达到这样的增长率,就必须将国民生产总值的25%左右重新投资于该国的经济中。在这个百分比中,公用设施大约需要一半,而其余的一半则用于资本形成。这就是说,将近25%的国民生产总值不能用来进行消费,而必须储蓄起来。然而在许多发展中国家,这种储蓄的水平比所需的指标低得多。其平均水平只占国内生产总值的5—6%。这种低储蓄率在发展中国家中并非绝无权有。
Foreword For a long time, the problem of capital accumulation and capital formation has in fact never attracted the attention of academics. This issue is no longer central to the development of economic research, but it was a central issue 15-30 years ago. People may have forgotten the pessimism of the 1960s when it was hard for people from all walks of life to believe that an economically backward developing country would be able to achieve an annual economic growth rate of 4% because if it is to achieve such a rate of growth , About 25% of GNP must be reinvested in the economy of that country. In this percentage, utilities need about half, while the remaining half are used for capital formation. That is to say, nearly 25% of GNP can not be used for consumption but must be saved. However, in many developing countries, the level of such savings is much lower than required. Its average level accounts for only 5-6% of its GDP. This low saving rate is not without rights in developing countries.