在经济学的发展中，“方法论之争”是最为常见的。在这里，我主要回顾经济学说史上两次重要的“方法论之争”。在十九世纪八十年代的德国曾经发生过一次重要的经济学的方法论之争。一八八三年，门格尔发表了一本关于方法论的书，认为经济学是纯理论，是建立在对行为假定的基础 In the development of economics, the “methodological debate” is the most common. Here, I mainly review two important “methodological disputes” in the history of economics. In Germany in the 1880s there was a major methodological debate in economics. In 1883, Mengele published a book on methodology, arguing that economics is purely theoretical and based on the assumption of behavior