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目的:探讨超低出生体重（extremely low birth weight，ELBW）婴儿对复苏、呼吸支持的需求及其呼吸系统并发症发生情况。方法:选择2017年1~12月北京市16家医疗机构收治的ELBW婴儿进行回顾性分析，根据婴儿是否医嘱出院及胎龄是否<28周进行分组，总结ELBW婴儿救治、呼吸支持及呼吸系统并发症发生情况。结果:研究期间共收治ELBW婴儿137例，母亲产前应用糖皮质激素97例（70.8%），患儿生后在产房/手术室进行气管插管98例（71.5%），诊断新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征110例（80.3%），其中107例（97.3%）接受至少一次肺表面活性物质治疗。医嘱出院组92例（67.2%），非医嘱出院组45例（32.8%）。与医嘱出院组相比，住院<14 d非医嘱出院组患儿胎龄更小、胎龄<28周比例更高，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01）；住院<14 d非医嘱出院组患儿生后接受胸外按压、肾上腺素复苏的比例高于医嘱出院组，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。医嘱出院组患儿中，支气管肺发育不良发生率54.3%（50/92）；胎龄<28周组ELBW婴儿较胎龄≥28周组无创通气时间更长［（37.8±19.6）d比（24.2±13.0）d］，支气管肺发育不良发生率更高（75.6%比30.3%），住院时间更长［85.0（71.0，102.5）d比64.0（53.0，76.0）d］，家庭氧疗比例更高（22.4%比7.0%），差异均有统计学意义（n P0.05］。n 结论:大部分ELBW婴儿出生后需要气管插管复苏，且胎龄越小，需要呼吸支持时间越久，呼吸系统远期并发症发生率越高。“,”Objective:To study the current status of delivery room/operating room (DR/OR) resuscitation, early respiratory supports and respiratory tract complications in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Method:Between January 2017 and December 2017, ELBW infants born in sixteen medical institutions in Beijing were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into groups according to whether they were discharged following medical advice(follow-advice group and not-follow-advice group) and whether their gestational age (GA) was less than 28 weeks (<28 w group and ≥28 w group). The treatment, respiratory support and respiratory tract complications of ELBW infants were summarized.Result:A total of 137 ELBW infants were admitted to 16 NICUs. Of all ELBW infants, 98 cases (71.5%) were intubated in DR/OR, mothers of 97 infants (70.8%) received antenatal steroid (ANS) therapy. 80.3% of the infants (110/137) were diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 107 cases (97.3%, 107/110) received at least one dose of pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy. 92 cases (67.2%, 92/137) were discharged following doctor's advice. Compared with the follow-advice group, the not-follow-advice group who were hospitalized for less than 14 days had smaller GA and higher proportion of GA<28 w (n P<0.01). The not-follow-advice group who were hospitalized for less than 14 days had higher incidences receiving chest compressions and epinephrine than the follow-advice group (n P<0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was 54.3% (50/92) in follow-advice group. Compared with ≥28 w group, infants in <28 w group had longer duration of non-invasive ventilation [(37.8±19.6)d vs. (24.2±13.0)d], higher incidence of BPD (75.6% vs. 30.3%), longer hospital stay, [85.0(71.0,102.5) d vs. 64.0(53.0,76.0) d] and more home-based oxygen therapy (22.4% vs. 7.0%)(n P<0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation in <28 w group was 10.0(1.3, 29.0)d and 4.7(2.2,10.3)d in ≥28 w group.n Conclusion:Most ELBW infants need tracheal intubation after birth. The infants with smaller GA need longer duration of respiratory support and have higher incidence of long-term complications of respiratory tract.