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目的了解上海市中学生吸烟相关健康知识和态度及与吸烟行为的关系。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,对上海市19个区的57所学校(初中、高中和职业学校各19所)9239名11~20岁的中学生进行不记名问卷调查,内容涉及学生自身吸烟行为、吸烟与健康关系的认知以及对控烟政策的态度。结果有19.5%的学生曾经吸烟,其中男生吸烟率为28.2%,女生为10.2%。吸烟与健康相关问题的认识和态度总得分为(52.42±7.274)分,满分比值80.65%,其中对吸烟有害健康的认识满分比值最高(97.67%),对法规认识最低(38.25%)。各指标得分均随吸烟总量增加而减低(P<0.001),职业学校吸烟率最高,各指标得分最低。结论上海市中学生对吸烟有害健康的认识和对控烟的态度与吸烟行为密切相关。虽然知识和态度的总体水平比较好,但职业学校的学生吸烟相关健康知识和态度得分较低,而吸烟率较高,提示上海市中学生的控烟干预工作应该在职业学校重点开展。
Objective To understand the smoking related health knowledge and attitudes among middle school students in Shanghai and its relationship with smoking behavior. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey on 9,239 middle school students aged from 57 to 57 in 57 schools (19 middle schools, high schools and vocational schools) in 19 districts of Shanghai Municipality. The questionnaire survey involved students’ self-smoking behaviors , The relationship between smoking and health awareness and attitude toward tobacco control policy. As a result, 19.5% of students used to smoke, including 28.2% for boys and 10.2% for girls. The total score of awareness and attitudes toward smoking and health related problems was (52.42 ± 7.274) and the full score was 80.65%. Among them, the highest score (97.67%) was awareness of smoking and the lowest awareness of laws and regulations (38.25%). The score of each index decreased with the increase of total smoking (P <0.001), the smoking rate of vocational schools was the highest, and the scores of each index were the lowest. Conclusion The cognition of Shanghai middle school students on the harmfulness of smoking and the attitude towards tobacco control are closely related to smoking behavior. Although the overall level of knowledge and attitudes is relatively good, students in vocational schools score lower on health-related knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco smoking while their smoking rates are higher, suggesting that tobacco control intervention among middle school students in Shanghai should be focused on vocational schools.