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高黎贡山自然保护区是生物多样性的关键地区之一,1992年被世界自然基金会(WWF)列为A级(全球重要)自然保护区,上个世纪中后期以来中外科学家在这里进行了大量的动植物标本采集和研究工作。然而,保护区周边居住着30万人口,包括13个少数民族,有的仍处于贫困状况。摆在保护区管理者面前的严峻挑战是如何把保护工作与周边居民的利益结合起来,走出一条对保护区和当地社区都是可持续发展的道路。为此,保护区帮助村民开展多种经营,实行混农林业,村民们通过实践逐渐认识到保护高黎贡山保护区的生物多样性就是保护自己的家园,并成立了中国第一个农民生物多样性保护协会。 今后的困难还很多,野生动物破坏村民庄稼的补偿问题,当地经济发展技术与策略的选择问题,保护区自身体制机制的适应问题等等,都需要我们沿着可持续发展的思路进一步探讨开拓。
The Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve is one of the key biodiversity areas. In 1992, it was classified as A-Class (Global Important) Nature Reserve by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Since the middle and late of the last century, Chinese and foreign scientists conducted a large number of Animal and plant specimens collection and research work. However, there are 300,000 people living in the area surrounding the reserve, including 13 ethnic minorities, some still in poverty. The serious challenge facing protected area managers is how to combine protection with the interests of the surrounding residents and to move beyond a path that is both sustainable for protected areas and local communities. To this end, the protected areas to help the villagers to carry out a variety of management, the implementation of agroforestry, the villagers realized through practice gradually to protect the biological diversity of the Gaoligongshan protected areas is to protect their own homes, and set up China’s first farmers biological diversity Protection Association. There are still many difficulties in the future. Wildlife will destroy the compensations of villagers ’crops, the selection of technologies and tactics for local economic development, and the adaptation of protected areas’ own institutional mechanisms, etc., all require us to further explore development along the path of sustainable development.