头部外伤、烧伤、腹部手术的危重病人有时需要鼻饲或肠外营养 ,但通常由于麻醉剂、儿茶酚胺类药物的应用或高血糖而导致胃排空延迟 ,从而引起胃十二指肠返流或误吸 ,还可能导致肠粘膜细菌的易位或吸入性肺炎。临床上常使用甲氧普胺或西沙必利 (cis-apride)促进胃排空 ,但其在危 Serious cases of head trauma, burns, and abdominal surgery sometimes require nasal or parenteral nutrition but are often delayed by gastric emptying due to anesthetic agents, catecholamines, or hyperglycemia, resulting in gastroduodenal regurgitation or misuse Suction may also result in intestinal bacterial translocation or aspiration pneumonia. Metopulmin or cis-apride is often used clinically to promote gastric emptying, but at risk