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2011年2月16日施行的最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定(三)(以下简称《司法解释三》)第26条和28条规定了股权的善意取得。由于善意取得制度适用的前提是非权利人的无权处分,而基于股东资格认定的形式主义或区分主义标准,一些学者认为,隐名出资中名义股东对股权的处分行为(26条)为有权处分,并无适用善意取得的可能性;①还有学者认为28条将一物二卖中不可能适用的善意取得规则,适用于股权的一股二卖中,必然产生结构性错位。②故而,问题的焦点集中于隐名出资中的名义股东以及一股二卖中的原股东的处分行为是否为无权处分?并最终将问题归结为一个我国公司法学界长期以来争论不休的基本问题——股东资格的判断依据,即如何判断股权的归属?本文认为,以区分主义或者形式主义认定股权归属确实会引发学者质疑的问题,但是股东资格不应以此为判断标准。股东资格(股权)与股东名册或工商登记(权利外观)之间是自变量与因变量的关系,股东资格取得应遵从意思主义标准,依此标准,26条名义股东的处分行为或为无权处分,而28条的情形可认定为无权处分。
Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on February 16, 2011 on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (III) (Article 3 of the Judicial Interpretations) Article 26 and 28 provide for the goodwill acquisition of equity interests. Since the prerequisite for the application of the bona fide acquisition system is that the non-obligee has no right to dispose of it, and based on the formalist or divisionist criteria of the shareholder’s qualification, some scholars think that the nominal shareholders’ There is no possibility of obtaining goodwill; ① Some scholars think that the 28 rules of goodwill that can not be applied to the sale of one thing and two are applicable to the sale of shares in one share, which inevitably will cause structural dislocation. Therefore, the focus of the issue is whether or not the disposition of the notional shareholders in the anonymous fund-raising and the original shareholders of the second-share sale is not punishable. At last, the question is attributed to the long-standing debate among the corporate law circles in our country Problem - the judgment basis of the qualification of shareholders, that is, how to judge the attribution of ownership? This paper argues that the ownership of ownership by categorization or formalism does indeed raise the question of scholars, but shareholder qualification should not be used as a criterion. The relationship between the shareholder’s qualifications (equity) and the register of shareholders or business registration (the appearance of rights) is the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. The qualification of shareholders should comply with the standard of meanings. According to this standard, the disposition behavior of 26 nominal shareholders or not Disciplinary, and 28 cases can be identified as not having the right to punish.