国家学习能力是适应能力的基础,提升学习能力是建设有效民主政体的一项内容。政治制度之间的差异,可从学习能力视角加以审视。竞争性选举体制中的执政者,学习动机具有内生性等特征,但不一定导致强学习能力。引人瞩目的是,中国治理体系发展出强学习能力、适应能力。儿届领导人多次开展集体学习活动,最终创设了中共中央政治局集体学习制度。这一制度创新是学习体制的典范;这一制度既是一种学习过程,也是一种政策过程。中国国家学习机制与能力建构的经验具有普遍借鉴意义。 National learning ability is the basis for adaptability, and enhancing learning ability is an element of building an effective democratic government. The differences between political systems can be examined from the perspective of learning ability. The ruling party in a competitive election system has the characteristics of endogenous motivation, but it does not necessarily lead to strong learning ability. What attracts people’s attention is that China’s governance system has developed a strong learning ability and adaptability. Children’s leaders conducted collective learning activities on many occasions and eventually created the collective learning system of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. This system innovation is a model of learning system; this system is both a learning process and a policy process. The experience of China’s national learning mechanism and capacity building has universal referential significance.