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随着工程技术在生物学和医学领域中的应用,生物工程学已经成为工程学的一个有影响的分学科。传统的工程学致力于“利用天然物质的性质和能源为人类服务”,生物工程学则利用生命为生命本身服务,由于这种回归性,生物工程学给人类提出了要求思考的新问题。伦理学研究自然和人类活动的意义,伦理学的基本前提是人可采取的行为方式种类多于他们可能认识到的行为种类,因此,人必须选择一些行为而摒弃另一些行为。在一些特定情况下,人类的行为选择将超出物理限制,生物限制,经济现实和社会心理学的影响,因此,人类发展了判别好坏的理论和依据。伦理史展现了这些理论及好坏标准的变迁史。
With the application of engineering in biology and medicine, bioengineering has become an influential sub-discipline in engineering. Traditional engineering is devoted to “utilizing the nature and energy of natural materials to serve human beings.” Bioengineering uses life to serve life itself. Because of this regression, bioengineering has given humankind new questions that require thinking. Ethics studies the meaning of nature and human activity. The basic premise of ethics is that human beings can take more kinds of behavior than they may recognize. Therefore, people must choose some behavior instead of others. In some special cases, human beings choose to go beyond physical limitations, biological limits, economic realities and social psychology. Therefore, human beings have developed the theory and basis for judging good or bad. Ethical history shows the history of these theories and the change of good and bad standards.