治中国古代经济史,不可不通“食货”。近年来,由于工作关系,自己也由着兴致,读了一些关于“中国古代经济史”的资料,于是,草草整理读书所记有关“食货”的零零散散的东西,便有了这篇《“食货”杂说》。 ①何谓食货,农事耕稼为食,桑织及诸手工业、商业为货。 ②相传周代箕子曾向周武王作关于治理天下政治经济原则的八项建议,记于《尚书·洪范》,即“八政”:食、货、祀、司空、司徒、司寇、宾、师。“食货”位居“八政”之首,因其乃“生民之本”。但“八政”非记事,只是政策性建议,言之未详,不便查考之处甚多。 ③有关“食货”典章制度的专门记载,始自西汉司马迁的《史记·平准书》。《平准书》所记主要是物价政策和货币沿革。“平准”之名,即稳定物价之意。司马迁说:“置平准于京师,都受天下委输……大农之诸官尽笼天下之货物,贵即卖之,贱则买之。如此,富 Governance ancient Chinese economic history, must pass “food.” In recent years, due to his working relationship, he has also been interested in reading some materials about the “Economic History of Ancient China,” and hastily organized and read through the books about the fragmentation of “food stuffs” Posts “” Food “miscellaneous said.” ① What is food, agricultural crops for food, mulberry and handicraft industry, commercial goods. ② According to legend, Zhou Jizi ZHOU Wu made on the world for the political and economic principles of the eight recommendations, recorded in “Shang Shu Hongfan”, that is, “eight governance”: food, cargo, Si, Sagong, Stuart, Secretary Kou, Bin, division . “Food” ranked first in the “eight governance”, because it is “the people of the people.” However, the “eight governance” non-memorandum is only a policy suggestion, which is unspecified. ③ “Food” code system of the specialized records, from the Western Han Dynasty Sima Qian’s “Records of the times.” The main content of the “Blue Book” is price policy and monetary history. “Flat” in the name, that is, the meaning of price stability. Sima Qian said: "Placed in the capital, are subject to the World Commission lost ... Farmers of all civil servants make the world goods, expensive that is sold, cheap is to buy it.