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1930年的《植物专利法》是美国也是世界首部将植物品种纳入知识产权体系保护的法律。该法在1952年制定《专利法》时成为该法的第15章,后经1954年和1998年两次修订。根据该法规定,能够获得植物专利保护的植物必须符合独特性、新颖性、非显而易见性、无性繁殖以及必须经过培育等要件。这些要件在《植物专利法》中有其特定的含义,与一般专利法中的含义不同,本文试图通过一些具体的案例对这些要件进行分析和探讨,从而对美国所独有的植物专利制度有一个更为深刻的理解。
The 1930 Plant Patents Act is the United States and the first law in the world to include plant varieties in the protection of the intellectual property system. This law became Chapter 15 of the Act when the Patent Law was enacted in 1952, and was amended twice in 1954 and 1998. Under the Act, plants that are protected by plant patents must meet uniqueness, novelty, nonobviousness, asexual reproduction, and the need to be nurtured. These requirements have their specific meanings in the “Plant Patent Law”. Different from the meaning in the general patent law, this article attempts to analyze and discuss these requirements through some specific cases, so that the patent system unique to the United States A more profound understanding.