到目前为止 ,原核注射是最可靠 ,也是使用最广泛的动物转基因方法 .但该方法存在整合效率太低及不能定点整合的问题 .在过去的 2 0年里 ,出现了一些新的转基因方法 ,包括精子介导、反转录病毒介导、携带外源基因体细胞的核移植、ES细胞基因打靶技术等 .但这些方法都未能根本地解决存在的问题 .最近的一些文献中报道转基因技术在原有方法的基础上做出了改进后 ,取得了突破性进展 . So far, prokaryotic injection is the most reliable and the most widely used animal transgenic method, but there are some problems that the integration efficiency is too low and can not be integrated in a fixed way.In the past 20 years, some new transgenic methods have emerged, Including sperm-mediated, retroviral-mediated, nuclear transfer of somatic cells carrying exogenous genes, gene targeting of ES cells, etc. However, none of these methods fundamentally solve the existing problems.Recent literature reports that transgenic technology After making improvements based on the original methods, breakthroughs have been made.