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【目的】为研究云南个旧锡矿尾矿库(大屯选厂尾矿库、老厂尾矿库和黄茅山尾矿库)土壤基本肥力状况和重金属污染状况。【方法】在调查取样的基础上,进行了土壤理化性状与重金属含量分析,并计算单项污染指数及综合污染指数。【结果】个旧锡矿尾矿库土壤有机质缺乏,土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量甚缺乏,土壤速效磷含量丰富,土壤阳离子交换量水平中等;土壤重金属铅全量为557.14~5 479.58 mg/kg,镉全量为15.84~17.77 mg/kg,铬全量为20.91~65.72 mg/kg,铜全量为1 536.48~2 561.18mg/kg,锌全量为2 359.18~10 163.39 mg/kg;依据国家环境质量二级标准,单项污染指数表明,各尾矿库土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn污染严重(Cr除外),污染程度排序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。综合污染指数表明,尾矿库土壤重金属污染均为重度污染(大屯选厂>老厂>黄茅山)。【结论】该研究结果可以为锡矿尾矿库植被恢复与生态重建提供依据。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic soil fertility and heavy metal pollution status of the tailings reservoirs at Gejiu, Yunnan (tailings at Datun Concentrator, Lao Tail and Huang Mau Shan tailings). 【Method】 On the basis of survey sampling, soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents were analyzed, and single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were calculated. 【Result】 The results showed that there was a lack of organic matter in the tailings pond of Gejiu Tin Mine, lack of available nitrogen and available potassium, soil available phosphorus and intermediate level of cation exchange. The total Pb in soil was 557.14-547 9.58 mg / kg, The total amount of cadmium was 15.84-17.77 mg / kg, the total amount of chromium was 20.91-65.72 mg / kg, the total amount of copper was 1 536.48-2 561.18 mg / kg and the total amount of zinc was 359.18-10 203.39 mg / kg. According to the national environmental quality class 2 The standard and single pollution index showed that the pollution of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in each tailings reservoir was serious except for Cr, and the pollution degree was Cd> Cu> Zn> Pb. The comprehensive pollution index shows that the heavy metal pollution in the tailings pond soil is heavy pollution (Datun election> old factory> Huangmaoshan). 【Conclusion】 The results of this study can provide the basis for the recovery and ecological reconstruction of the tailing pond in tin mine.