美国拥有世界上最庞大的科学技术研究体系。国家科研机构共约有700个,雇员约20万人,年度科研经费总额约占整个联邦政府研究开发经费总额(750亿美元)的1/3。如何管理好这一庞大的科研体系,使之有效地为国家目标服务,一直是美国科技界领导人面临的难题之 The United States has the largest system of scientific and technological research in the world. There are about 700 national research institutes and about 200,000 employees. The total annual research funding accounts for about 1/3 of the total federal government research and development funding (75 billion U.S. dollars). How to manage this huge scientific research system to effectively serve its national goals has always been a challenge for the leaders of the U.S. science and technology community