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为解决广东梅州烟区烤烟生产过程中因播期不适和土壤酸化等引起烤烟产量和品质下降问题,以云烟87为材料,设置了4个播期为主处理和3种浓度土壤改良剂为副处理的大田裂区试验,分析了不同播期和土壤改良剂用量对烤烟生育期进程、农艺性状及烤烟产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1随着播期的推迟,烟株的苗龄期和大田生育期缩短,而土壤改良剂对烤烟的大田生育期无明显影响。2播期对烤烟的株高、茎围及叶面积有影响,且随播期的推迟呈下降趋势,花叶病发病率随播期的推迟而上升;土壤改良剂能够增加烤烟的株高和茎围,对发病率和叶面积的影响不显著。3早播的产量和品质均较晚播的好,添加土壤改良剂能够改善烟叶的内在品质,使烤烟中微量元素的含量协调,提高烟叶的品质,且当土壤改良剂用量为450 kg·hm-2时烤烟能够获得较好品质,用量为900 kg·hm-2时烤烟能够获得最大产量。结合当地实际生产和试验结果建议当地早播,土壤改良剂的用量建议为450 kg·hm-2。
In order to solve the problem of yield and quality decline of flue-cured tobacco due to sowing discomfort and soil acidification during the flue-cured tobacco production in Meizhou tobacco-growing area of Guangdong, four sowing dates and three concentrations of soil amendment were set as Yunfu 87 Field cracked area experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different sowing date and amount of soil conditioner on growth process, agronomic traits and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed as follows: 1With the delay of sowing date, the seedling age and the field growth period of tobacco plants were shortened, while the soil improver had no significant effect on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco in field. 2 sowing date had an impact on plant height, stem circumference and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco, and decreased with the postponement of sowing date. The incidence of mosaic disease increased with the delay of sowing date. Soil conditioner could increase plant height and Stem circumference had no significant effect on the incidence and leaf area. The yield and quality of early sowing were better than that of late sowing. Adding soil conditioner could improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves, harmonize the content of trace elements in flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. When the amount of soil conditioner was 450 kg · hm -2 when the flue-cured tobacco can get better quality, the amount of 900 kg · hm-2 flue-cured tobacco can get the maximum yield. According to the local actual production and test results, it is suggested that the amount of soil conditioner should be 450 kg · hm-2.