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目的调查镉职业接触者尿镉含量水平。方法对广东省两家镉电池厂作业环境进行卫生学的调查及对587名接镉作业工人的尿镉进行分析,并与103名对照组相比较。结果作业现场20个点的氧化镉浓度测定中,平均浓度为0.077mg/m3,测定点浓度超标率为45%,平均超标2.85倍,最高浓度超标为35.50倍;接触组尿镉为(6.48±2.52)μmol/molCr,明显高于对照组的(2.96±1.26)μmol/molCr(P<0.01),尿镉增高的人数为226名,占38.50%,明显高于对照组的9.71%(P<0.01);工龄大于3年的工人尿镉超标人数比例增加;〗尿镉与血镉之间存在正相关关系(r=0.51,P<0.01),特别是当尿镉含量大于5μmol/molCr时,这种相关程度更高(r=0.63,P<0.01)。结论镉职业接触者尿镉含量增高,其含量水平随着接触时间的增加而增加。加强工作场所的职业病防治是降低职业危害的关键。
Objective To investigate the level of urinary cadmium in cadmium exposed workers. Methods The hygiene of two cadmium battery factories in Guangdong Province was investigated and the urine cadmium of 587 cadmium workers exposed to cadmium was analyzed and compared with 103 control subjects. Results The concentration of cadmium in the 20-point cadmium concentration test was 0.077mg / m3, and the over-standard rate was 45%, the average exceeded 2.85 times and the highest concentration exceeded 35.50 times. The urine cadmium in the contact group was (6.48 ± 2.52 μmol / molCr was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.96 ± 1.26 μmol / molCr, P <0.01). The number of urinary cadmium increased was 226, accounting for 38.50%, significantly higher than that of the control group (9.71%, P < 0.01). The proportion of urinary cadmium exceeded the standard in workers with more than 3 years of service increased. There was a positive correlation between urinary cadmium and blood cadmium (r = 0.51, P <0.01), especially when urinary cadmium content was more than 5 μmol / This correlation was higher (r = 0.63, P <0.01). Conclusion Cadmium occupational exposure to urinary cadmium increased, and its content increased with increasing contact time. Strengthening workplace occupational disease prevention is the key to reducing occupational hazards.