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目的:应用基于独立成分分析的动态功能连接（dFC）分析方法探讨神经精神性红斑狼疮（NPSLE）患者脑功能连接的动态特征异常及其与临床指标的相关性。方法:前瞻性收集2018年7月至2019年9月郑州大学第一附属医院确诊的NPSLE女性患者临床和影像资料，并记录患者的补体C3、C4、CH50水平、糖皮质激素泼尼松用量、疾病活动指数（SLEDAI）评分和损害指数（SDI）评分。同期收集年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照（HC）。所有被试均行静息态功能MRI（rs-fMRI）检查。使用GIFT软件对MRI数据进行空间组独立成分分析并挑选出29个独立成分（IC）作为内在连接网络；使用滑动时间窗技术进行dFC分析得到5个功能连接状态（state）及dFC指标（时间分数、平均停留时间、转换次数）。采用两独立样本n t检验计算不同状态内功能连接的组间差异，采用Mann-Whitney U检验计算dFC指标的组间差异，采用Spearman相关分析计算NPSLE组的dFC指标与临床资料的相关性。n 结果:共入组45例NPSLE患者和35名HC，两组在年龄、受教育程度上差异均无统计学意义（n t=-0.327、-0.460，n P>0.05）。在state4弱连接中，NPSLE组与HC组相比，时间分数增大，平均停留时间增多，差异均有统计学意义（n Z=-2.496、-2.462，n P<0.05）；在state3强连接中，NPSLE组与HC组相比，小脑后叶脑区（IC39）与基底节脑区（IC10）之间功能连接（FC）增强（n t=-5.201，n P<0.05），小脑后叶脑区（IC39）与颞叶脑区（IC5）、颞叶脑区（IC7）、顶上小叶脑区（IC65）（n t=4.212、5.572、4.415，n P<0.05）、中央旁小叶脑区（IC12）与后扣带回脑区（IC15）之间FC减弱（n t=3.893，n P<0.05）。NPSLE患者的SDI评分与state1、state3强连接状态的时间分数及平均停留时间均呈负相关（n P<0.05），SLEDAI评分与state1、state2强连接状态的时间分数、平均停留时间均呈负相关（n P<0.05），SDI及SLEDAI分别与state4弱连接状态的时间分数、平均停留时间均呈正相关（n P<0.05）。NPSLE患者的血清补体C3、C4、CH50水平分别与转换次数呈正相关（n r=0.428、0.354、0.385，n P0.05). Compared with HC group, NPSLE group had higher fraction time and longer mean dwell time (n Z=-2.496, -2.462, n P<0.05); in state3 strong connection, compared with HC group, functional connectivity (FC) between posterior cerebellar lobe (IC39) and basal ganglia (IC10) was enhanced (n t=-5.201, n P<0.05); FC was found decreased between posterior cerebellar lobe (IC39) and temporal lobe (IC5), temporal lobe (IC7), superior parietal lobe (IC65) (n t=4.212, 5.572, 4.415, n P<0.05), as well as between paracentral lobular region (IC12) and posterior cingulate gyrus (IC15) (n t=3.893, n P<0.05) in NPSLE group. The SDI score of NPSLE patients was negatively correlated with the fraction time and mean dwell time of state1 and state3 strong connection state (n P<0.05), and the SLEDAI score was negatively correlated with the fraction time and mean dwell time of state1 and state2 (n P<0.05). The SDI and SLEDAI scores were positively correlated with the fraction time and mean dwell time of state4 weak connection state, respectively (n P<0.05). The levels of serum complement C3, C4 and CH50 in NPSLE patients were positively correlated with the number of transitions (n r=0.428, 0.354, 0.385, n P<0.05), and the dosage of prednisone was negatively correlated with the number of transitions (n r=-0.466, n P<0.05). The validation analysis results showed the experimental results could be effectively repeated.n Conclusion:The dFC analysis method based on ICA can effectively identify the alterations of brain functional connectivity on a shorter time scale, which may provide a new perspective for further exploration of the neuroimaging mechanism of cognitive impairment in NPSLE.